As far as I understand "10nm" or "7nm" is more or less marketing stuff .. real measure is actual size and therefore achievable density of elements .. and Intel's "10nm" seems to be on par if not better than AMD's "7nm" . Still having 16 cores for 750 usd is tough to resist )
Intel's 10nm tech is really 11 nm by anyone else's standards. They are reaching for 9nm right now, and have failed to deliver for more than a year, which is why they still market older chip tech.
There is a difference in how many transistors can go on a reasonable sized form factor, based upon the size of the switches, but in real world terms, the biggest issue is heat generation. The smaller the tech, the less heat. What Intel can do with 165W, AMD is doing with 100W. That becomes important with very large systems, like supercomputers (Oak Ridge National Labs already has an order in for an AMD supercomputer based upon this 7nm tech) and small systems like laptops. 7nm tech could break the bottleneck of laptops failing to perform as hoped because of heat generation.
7nm tech also holds out huge promise for small robotic spacecraft, as power usage and heat generation aboard such craft are amongst the most urgent design drivers for guidance, navigation and control (GN&C). I think the way is open for AMD to dominate spacecraft usage if they jump on that opportunity.