Hauling profits will necessarily be raised. Like it or not, CIG has been clear that they intend all haulers operating outside "safe" space, to hire escorts and gunners.
(Them numbers are just to illustrate how the economy could work:)
Let's say you invest 1 million on the cargo. Let's say 100% of the time the dangerous route will have NPC pirates, and if you have any half decent escort you will win while without escorts you'll lose 100% of the time. Let's also say that 10% of the universe is players, so every 10th trip you run into player pirates who will win regardless if you got escorts or not.
Say the escort costs 100k per hour, and let's say cargo unloading and loading now also takes up time, so you can do just that one trade run per hour.
With an escort, your costs will be 100k for the escort + 100k for losing to the pirates 10% of the time.
Without an escort you'll lose the 1 million every run you attempt as well as an hour to setup everything again.
Now, the profits from that run would need to be pretty high. You'd need to have 30% ROI at least, and then that's assuming 100k UEC is comparable to other professions.
What if you had an insurance?
Well, you still need to hire an escort, because that dangerous route just isn't possible without one. But your ROI only needs to be 20%, as you're now not taking a hit from player pirates. This makes it easier to balance the economy, as Trading can be further away from being "double or nothing."
Also without an insurance, vetting the escorts would be more important, since if they actually aren't a half decent escort, you'll lose to the NPC pirates as well, costing you a million for the attempt.
With an insurance, you're also more likely to give that type of gameplay a try, as you're not standing to lose anything but time. Meaning there'll be more haulers hiring escorts and turret gunners.
So there's absolutely ways to make you hire escorts even with cargo insurances. And in some cases cargo insurances might even increase the amount of escorts being hired (as more people will be trying those routes).