Unfortunately, this one's not a yes or no answer either. Our education system isn't uniform across the nation. It differs wildly from state to state, from school to school, even from teacher to teacher inside a school. So the answer isn't a solid yes or no, but mostly. Everyone is taught about the constitution and its amendments. The degree of detail though is dependent on the school, teacher, and location.
For the most part though, the school systems across the nation are highly opinionated. They base their curriculum in whatever ideology is the current focus. They do so under the guise of equity and fairness, but really are just pushing their own agendas. These agendas tend to pick one or more topic and use the school as a method to push the chosen view point onto the minds of the children attending. I find it to be absolutely deplorable.
Drugs, sex (the act of), religion, guns, knives, bullying, gender, smoking, opinions, and many more have all taken the spotlight at one point or another. They have all either had or have their turn being demonized by the school system. These topics are focused on to the detriment of all others. So while American children may know exactly what a safe space is, and are taught that marijuana leads to sucking d***k for heroin, they are incapable of math'ing their way though a tip percentage at a restaurant. There is even a percentage that make their way through the education system without ever learning how to read. I wish I was kidding.
That's where the responsibility falls on the parent. Once again though, that responsibility isn't always met with action. That's where the real problem is. We, as a nation, are looking at third generation sh-tbags. One set of undisciplined, candy coated parents raises undisciplined, candy coated kids. Those kids raise even more candy coated and undisciplined kids, and so on. The hard work ethics, and morals, along with things like politeness and discipline that my parents instilled in me from a young age, are completely absent from generational knowledge passed down in most families.
This has led to a huge division in America. On one side you have those that hold to traditional values like honesty, morality, hard work, and thinking for yourself. On the other side, you have those that have been raised for the most part without guidance. Their only moral compass is the one that is fed to them daily by social media and whatever trendy beliefs are the topic of the month. So to say that they're lost, indecisive, undisciplined, and soft is an understatement.
Which brings me back to the question. For some, yes. They are taught about the second amendment and the gravity of the subject along with many other important topics. For others, no. They are only taught to focus on the "flavor of the week" and whatever social emergency is currently threatening us all. The good thing is you can usually spot which side of the proverbial fence a person is on. It's kind of like the joke about the marathon runner. "How can you tell if someone runs marathons? Don't worry, they'll tell you."